Bloom’s
Classification of Cognitive Skills – From Ball State University
Bloom’s levels of cognitive skills are provided in the table below, along
with definitions for each skills, and related behaviors. The terms can be used
to create student learning outcomes that tap into each of the ability levels.
Bloom's Classification of Cognitive Skills
| Knowledge |
recalling or remembering something without necessarily
understanding, using, or changing it |
define, describe, identify, label, list, match,
memorize, point to, recall, select, state |
| Comprehension |
understanding something that has been communicated
without necessarily relating it to anything else |
alter, account for, annotate, calculate, change,
convert, group, explain, generalize, give examples, infer, interpret,
paraphrase, predict, review, summarize, translate |
| Application |
using a general concept to solve problems in a
particular situation; using learned material in new and concrete
situations |
apply, adopt, collect, construct, demonstrate,
discover, illustrate, interview, make use of, manipulate, relate, show,
solve, use |
| Analysis |
breaking something down into its parts; may focus on
identification of parts or analysis of relationships between parts, or
recognition of organizational principles |
analyze, compare, contrast, diagram, differentiate,
dissect, distinguish, identify, illustrate, infer, outline, point out,
select, separate, sort, subdivide |
| Synthesis |
reating something new by putting parts of different
ideas together to make a whole. |
blend, build, change, combine, compile, compose,
conceive, create, design, formulate, generate, hypothesize, plan, predict,
produce, reorder, revise, tell, write |
| Evaluation |
judging the value of material or methods as they might
be applied in a particular situation; judging with the use of definite
criteria |
accept, appraise, assess, arbitrate, award, choose,
conclude, criticize, defend, evaluate, grade, judge, prioritize,
recommend, referee, reject, select, support |
Source : The information table above was derived from information
presented on the Ball State University's web site
(http://web.bsu.edu/IRAA/AA/WB/chapter2.htm) and Kansas State University's Office of Assessment,
which was accessed in the summer of 2006.
Additional Links Related to Bloom’s Taxonomy
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